Nutrition in Animals
Science Class Seven
Short Answer Type Questions
Question (1) What is nutrition?
Answer: Getting of nutrients from food and their utilization in body is called Nutrition.
Question (2) What is chime?
Answer: Food converted into semi solid state in stomach is called chime or chyme.
Question (3) What is villi?
Answer: There are many outgrowth finger like structures found on inner wall of small intestine called "Villi". The villi absorb and send nutrients present in digested food into blood stream.
Question (4) What is assimilation?
Answer: The process of utilization of digested food by different parts of body to release energy is called Assimilation
Question (5) What is absorption?
Answer: The sending of nutrients found in digested food from small intestine to the blood stream is called assimilation.
Question (6) What is the length of large intestine?
Answer: The length of large intestine in an adult person is about 1.5 m.
Question (7) What is the length of small intestine?
Answer: The length of small intestine in an adult person is about 7.5 m.
Question (8) What is the function of liver?
Answer: Liver secrets a digestive juice called bile juice which help in digestion of fats present in food.
Question (9) What is oesophagus?
Answer: Oesophagus is a muscular flexible long pipe which connects mouth and stomach.
Question (10) What is stomach?
Answer : Stomach is a J–shaped thick walled muscular bag. Stomach is the widest part of alimentary canal. Stomach receives food from esophagus from one end and opens into small intestine at the other end.
Question (11) What is small intestine?
Answer: Small intestine is the longest part of alimentary canal. Small intestine has a highly coiled structure. The digestion of food completed in small intestine.
Question (12) What is large intestine?
Answer : The large intestine has a pipe like structure and is wider than small intestine. In large intestine water and some salts are absorbed from undigested food.
Question (13) What is liver?
Answer : The liver is a reddish brown gland. Liver is situated in the right side of upper part of the abdomen. The liver is the largest gland in human body. Liver secretes a digestive juice called bile juice.
Question (14) What is gall bladder?
Answer: Gall bladder is situated just below the liver. In gall bladder bile juice, which is secreted from liver, is stored.
Question (15) What is pancreas?
Answer: The pancreas is a large crème coloured gland. Pancreas is located just below the stomach. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which converts carbohydrates and proteins into simpler forms.
Question (16) What is rumen?
Answer: An extra cavity in abdomen present in grass eating animals for the digestion of cellulose is called rumen.
Question (17) What is ruminants?
Answer: Some of the grass animals which take back the half chewed part of food to the mouth and chewed again are called ruminants. They got this name because of presence of additional cavity in their abdomen called rumen.
Question (18) What is pseudopodia?
Answer: An amoeba has finger like projects, which is used for movement and capturing of food. These projections are called pseudopodia or false feet.
Question (19) What is ingestion?
Answer: In animals the process of getting food in is called Ingestion.
Question (20) What is digestion?
Answer: The breaking down of complex components of food into simpler substances is called Digestion.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question (1) What is the function of oesophagus?
Answer: Oesophagus is a long flexible muscular thick walled pipe which connects the mouth and stomach. The food after chewing go to the stomach from mouth to stomach through oesophagus. There is no digestion takes place in the oesophagus.
Question (2) What are the steps of process of digestion in human?
Answer: The steps of digestion in human are
(a) Ingestion : To take food in is called Ingestion.
(b) Digestion The breaking down of complex components of food into simpler substances is called Digestion.
(c) Absorption : The passing of digested food into blood vessels from the wall of intestine is called Absorption.
(d) Assimilation : The process in which the absorbed nutrients are used to build complex substances is called Assimilation.
(e) Egestion : The getting rid of undigested food from body is called Egestion.
Question (3) What is alimentary canal?
Answer: The digestion in human and many other four footed animals is taken place in a long canal, which is called Alimentary canal. The alimentary canal starts from mouth and ends and rectum.
The alimentary canal can be divided into following parts:
Buccal Cavity or mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum and Anus.
Question (4) What is the function of stomach?
Answer:
Food after chewing reaches to stomach. The inner wall of stomach releases hydrochloric acid and some digestive juice. Hydrochloric acid kills the bacteria, if any present in food. Here food is converted into acidic medium because of hydrochloric acid. The digestive juices break down the proteins into simple substances.
Stomach wall gently churn the food and mix with secreted acid, and digestive juices. In stomach food converted into semi solid. This semi solid state of food is called chime. Food gets partly digested into stomach.
Question (5) What is the function of small intestine?
Answer
In the upper part of small intestine, semi-solid food mixed with bile juice secreted from liver, pancreatic juice secreted from pancreas, and some other digestive juices secreted from wall of small intestine. These digestive juices are mixed with food and food is partly digested.
The partly digest food reaches to the lower part of small intestine. In lower part of small intestine intestinal juice completes the digestion of all components of food.
On the inner wall of small intestine there are thousands of finger like projections found, which are called villi.
After the completion of digestion, the nutrients present in food are absorbed by villi and send to the blood stream. The waste of food and undigested food then sent to large intestine for further processes.
Question (6) What do you understand by runimants?
Answer
Some of the grass eating animals, such as cows, buffaloes, goat, sheep, etc. keep on chewing continuously even when they are not eating anything. These animals are known as Ruminants.
These animals have a separate part in their stomach called rumen, because of which they got the name ruminants.
Ruminants quickly swallow the grass and store in rumen. In rumen food is digested partly. This partly digested food is called cud. Later in small lump cud return to the mouth and ruminants chew it again. This process of chewing cud is called rumination.
Question (7) Explain the digestion process in ruminants?
Answer
Ruminants have a separate chamber in their abdomen, called rumen. Ruminants quickly swallow the grass and store it in rumen. In rumen food is digested partly. This partly digested food is called cud. Latter in the form of small lumps cud return to the mouth of ruminants and they chew it properly. This process of chewing cud is called rumination.
The grass, on which ruminants feed, is a type of carbohydrate. The grass is rich in cellulose. In rumen cellulose is digested by the action of bacteria. After chewing cud, it is sent to the intestine where digestion completes.
Question (8) How digestion takes place in amoeba?
Answer:
When an amoeba sense food, it pushes out its finger like projections called pseudopodia or false feet around the food particles and engulfs it. In this way food is trapped in a food vacuole.
After engulfing food digestive juices are secreted into the food vacuole. These digestives juices act on food and food is broken down into simpler substances. The digested food is absorbed gradually. The absorbed food is used for growth and maintenance of body. The undigested and unabsorbed food is then expelled out by vacuoles.
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